|
|
|
|
(Fahrenheit) |
|
| At-Sea Incineration | Waste is burnt in a liquid-injection incinerator or rotary kiln on board a ship in the ocean. | Any solid or liquid organic waste | 1200-3000 | Seconds to hours |
| Cement Kiln | Waste is co-fired in a kiln with constituents of cement during cement manufacture | Liquid organic wastes, especially chlorinated wastes | 2600-3000 | Up to 10 sec for gases, to hours for liquids |
| Co-incineration | Hazardous wastes mixed with refuse/sludge to improve combustion | Wastes that have low energy values | Depends on the type of incineration | Depends on the type of boiler |
| Fluidized-Bed Incineration | Waste is injected into an agitated bed of heated inert particles. Heat is transferred to the waste during combustion. | Organic liquids, gases and granular or well processed solids. | 1400-1600 | Seconds for gases and liquids, minutes for solids |
| High-temperature Fluid Wall | Water is broken down into its elements through pyrolysis with radiant heart in a porous carbon reactor | Liquids and granulated solid wastes | 4000 | Milliseconds |
| Molten Salt | Waste is injected into a bath of molten sodium carbonate. Resulting waste gases react with the salt, lessening need for scrubbing | Liquids and solids with low ash content | 1400-1850 | Several seconds for gases, longer for liquids and solids |
| Multiple-hearth | Waste descend through several grates to be burnt in increasingly hotter combustion zones. | Sludges and granulated solid wastes | 1400-1800 | Up to several hours |
| Plasma Arc Torch | Wastes are pyrolyzed using gas stream activated by electrical discharge | Liquids and solids | 90,000 | Fraction of a second |
| Rotary Kiln | Waste is burned in a rotating, refractory lined cylinder | Any combustible solid, liquid, or gas | 1500-3000 | Seconds for gases to hours for solids and liquids |
| Single Chamber/Liquid Injection | Wastes are atomized with high pressure air or steam and burned in suspension | Liquids and slurries that can be pumped | 1300-3000 | 0.1 to 1 second |
| Starved-Air Combustion/
Pyrolysis |
Wastes are heated with insufficient air for combustion to occur. Equipment similar to incinerators | Potential use for purely organic wastes | 300-1200 | Seconds for gases, hours for solids |
Source: Francis, C.W.
et al, 1981